• Poppy seed is the dried seed of Papaver somniferum, an erect annual herb, 30-150 cm long with 0.5-1.5 cm thick stem. Stem is glabrous with thick waxy coating. Leaves are numerous, alternate, spreading horizontally, 15-25 cm long. Flowers are few, solitary, on a 10-15 cm long peduncle. Fruit is a capsule with waxy coating. Seeds are numerous, very small, white grey with an oily endosperm. Poppy is a self pollinated plant. The seed is the spice. 
• Indian poppy seeds are popularly used in carrot, pea and tomato dishes and in several types of dips. They are frequently sprinkled over chilled soups, savory pastry crusts, rolls and other bakery products. Cultivation of poppy in India is confined to a few regions in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.
• Poppy seed (Khas Khas) is used as food and as a source of fatty oil. It is widely used for culinary purposes. Because of its highly nutritive nature it is used in breads, cakes, cookies, pastries, curries, sweets and confectionary. Its seeds are demulcent and are used against constipation. The capsules are used as a sedative against irritant coughing and sleeplessness in the form syrup or extract.
• Opium poppy cultivation in the Golden Triangle region decreased from a total estimated 157,900 hectares4 cultivated in 1998, the year of the United Nations General Assembly Session on Drugs, to only 24,160 hectares in 2006, which corresponds to a reduction by 85% in only eight years.
• Poppy-seed oil (known in the trade in French as huile d'œillette) is used for human consumption, but is also much sought as a solvent for pigments in painting because of its quick-drying properties. The extensive use made in Hungary of the poppy seed has rendered necessary the cultivation of the poppy plant on a large scale.
• Oil extraction can be done mechanically with an oil press, expeller, or even with a wooden mortar and pestle—a traditional method that originated in India. Several types of small-scale extractors are commercially available, both imported from other countries and manufactured in the U.S. Oils can also be extracted with solvents, but solvent extraction is a
  complex operation.
• Poppy seed contains from 44 to 50 percent fixed oil, the principal components of which are linoleic and oleic acids. The poppy seed oil is used by artists as a drying oil.
• Western poppy syrup is an anodyne and expectorant. Eastern poppy is an anodyne and narcotic. Cough mixtures and syrups are also made from this variety, which is further used as a poultice with chamomile. An infusion of seeds is said to help ear and tooth ache. The seeds have appetising qualities. The use and dangers of poppy plant derivatives, such as morphine, heroin and codeine, are well known. 
• Poppy seeds are more common in India, where they are ground and used as a thickening agent in curries and sauces. They are also sprinkled over cooked noodles, or sweetened with honey and made into a dessert dip or sauce. Dry-fried seeds are added to salads and salad dressings.
• Hungarian exports of alkaloids from the poppy plant started to develop in 1942; in recent years they have varied between 6 and 8 tons annually. In 1958, the Hungarian People's Republic exported 24.6% of the morphine exported throughout the world, being in this respect second only to the Netherlands, which exported 50.8% of the world total. With regard to codeine, our country held third place, with 15.5% of the total exports, the United Kingdom being first with 34%. As to ethylmorphine, our country held second place with 29%, being led by the United Kingdom.
• Poppy seeds were sold at $1,500 a tonne when its price in Turkey, a major producer, was $3,900-5,200 a tonne.
• During the last seven months, a few importers in the country have allegedly released 5,000 to 6,000 tonne of poppy seeds at $1,500 a tonne when its price in Turkey, a major producer in the world, was between $3,900 and $5,200 a tonne. The current price is said to be $5,200 a tonne.
• It suggests that a detailed Business Plan for the phased transition to the poppy straw method should be produced for the licit opium industry in India, building on the work that has already been undertaken in India on the efficacy of converting to poppy straw production. 
    

• Papaveraceae
• Poppy
• History of Poppies
• Poppy Information
• Poppy general Information
• Opium
• Future Opioids
• Poppy Seed Spices Information

• Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers 
• Purification and Characterization of Calmodulins from Papaver somniferum and Euphorbia lathyris 
• Small-scale oilseed processing
• Isolation of Genomic DNA from Defatted Oil Seed Residue of Opium Poppy 
• The roles of latex and the vascular bundle in morphine biosynthesis in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum 
• Hungarian Extraction of Alkaloids from Poppy Straw

   

Growth and Cultivation

• Papaver somniferum - Description
• Growing Guide & Tips for Papaver Somniferum Poppies
• How To Grow Opium Poppies
• Papaver somniferum Cultivation
• Growth and Development of Opium Poppy as a Function of Temperature

Alkaloids in Poppy Seeds

• Opium and Its Alkaloids
• Relations among alkaloids, cadmium and zinc contents in opium poppy 
• Opinion on elevated morphine levels in poppy seeds
• Opioid Pharmacology

• Poppy Seed Consumption or Opiate Use 
• Drug Discovery From Natural Sources
• Seeds of Doubt
• Culinary Uses of Poppy Seed
• Usage of Poppy Seeds
• Medicinal use of Poppy Seed

• Opiumless and Alkaloid - free non-Narcotic Opium Poppy variety " Sujata "
• O-Methyltransferases of Tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid biosynthesis in Papaver Somniferum
• Methods for Plant Transformation and Regeneration of Papaver somniferum
• Novel High Yielding Multiple Disease Resistant/Tolerant Stable Variety Madakini of Opium Poppy
• Extraction of Alkaloids from Opium
• Cytochrome P450 Reductases from Poppy Plants
• Codeinone Reductase from Alkaloid Poppy
• Regulatory regions from Papaveracea

• Determination of seed and oil properties of some poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) varieties
• Dielectric Properties of Opium Poppy Seed
• Segregation phases in a vibrated binary granular layer

Analysis

• AFLP Analysis of Opium Poppy
• The European Rabbit as Seed Dispenser of the Invasive Opium Poppy in Robinson Crusoe Island
• Aminopeptidases in Immobilized Cells of Papaver somniferum 
• Mitotic Chromosomes at Papaverum somniferum Species
• Split nitrogen doses and their efficiency in poppy nutrition
• Morphine Synthesis and Biosynthesis

Production

• Genetic studies on collar rot resistance in opium poppy 
• Cultivation of Papaver somniferum for Purposes Other than the Production of Opium
• Opium Poppy Cultivation in the Golden Triangle 
• The Tasmanian Poppy Industry
• Poppy fields in Afghanistan

• Consultant in Atlanta
• Consulting Services in Sweden
• Experts Newsletter
• Expert in Grain Miller, Specialty Fine Flour
• Service provider in Uppsala
• The Growing Importance of Ukraine As A Transit Country for Heroin Trafficking
• Wet Solids Flow Enhancement

Growers and Company Profiles

• Farm on the Thompson River
• Company in Baltimore
• Seed Company of Napa Valley
• Seed Company in the Willamette Valley of Oregon
• Company in Texas

Technology

• Direct Analysis in Real Time
• Bringing medicinal plants into cultivation: opportunities and challenges for biotechnology
• Drugs of Abuse Testing in the Criminal Justice System
• Report on Gene Technology
• Quinolones and False-Positive Urine Screening for Opiates by Immunoassay Technology

   

• Blue Poppy Seed Organic
• The Bread We Eat
• Poppy Seed 0r Khas Khas
• Poppy Seed Oil
• Poppy Seed Oil - Papaver somniferum
• Poppy Seed Roll 

Data Sheet

• Poppy seeds
• Data sheet from The Soapmakers Store
• Poppy Seed - Cargo Information

Market

• An Analysis of Licit Opium Poppy Cultivation
• Pharmacological Aspects of the Global Opium Market
• National Market Analysis for Southwestern Herbs
• Heroin International Trends
• Base import price for poppy seed fixed at $5,398/tonne

• Enterpreneurship development through Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
• Planned release of GMO (P. somniferum) oilseed poppy
• Reports published by the International Narcotics Control Board
• Erowid Experience Vaults Report
• Field trial of transgenic poppy, Papaver somniferum 
• Acros Organics Report

Management and Control

• Global Supply Chain Quality Management
• Organic Weed Management
• Poppy straw: a problem of international narcotics control
• The Presence of the Extraneous Substances in the Food Chains According to the Results of Individual Testing Organizations
• Organic Weed Control

Rules and Regulations

• Poppy Seeds Grading and Marking Rules
• Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
• Conditions of license
• Federal Laws Associated with the Control of Narcotics

Toxicity

• Poppy seeds effect
• Plants that poison, plants that cure
• Side Effects of Poppy
• The Toxicology of Substances Used in the Production and Refining of Cocaine and Heroin

• Wholesale Suppliers of Poppy Seeds
• Poppy seed Manufacturers
• J.K.Species & Food Products
• Poppy Seed Suppliers Directory
• Poppy Seed Selling Leads
• Foreign Exporters & Manufacturers of Poppy Seeds
• Indian Exporters & Manufacturers of Poppy Seeds

Buyers

• Foreign Importers & Buyers of Poppy Seeds
• Poppy Seed Indian Importers & Buyers
• Poppy Seeds Buyers List 1
• Poppy Seeds Buyers List 2